Толковый словарь английского языка Oxford English Reference - cramp
Cramp
cramp
n. & v. --n. 1 a a painful involuntary contraction of a muscle or muscles from the cold, exertion, etc. b = writer's cramp (see WRITER). 2 (also cramp-iron) a metal bar with bent ends for holding masonry etc. together. 3 a portable tool for holding two planks etc. together; a clamp. 4 a restraint. --v.tr. 1 affect with cramp. 2 confine narrowly. 3 restrict (energies etc.). 4 (as cramped adj.) (of handwriting) small and difficult to read. 5 fasten with a cramp. Phrases and idioms cramp a person's style prevent a person from acting freely or naturally. cramp up confine narrowly. Etymology: ME f. OF crampe f. MDu., MLG krampe, OHG krampfo f. adj. meaning 'bent': cf. CRIMP
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1.
I. noun Etymology: Middle English ~e, from Anglo-French, of Germanic origin; akin to Middle Dutch ~e; akin to Old High German krampf bent Date: 14th century a painful involuntary spasmodic contraction of a muscle, a temporary paralysis of muscles from overuse, 3. sharp abdominal pain, persistent and often intense though dull lower abdominal pain associated with dysmenorrhea, ~y adjective II. noun Etymology: Middle English ~e, from Middle Dutch Date: 15th century 1. a usually iron device bent at the ends and used to hold timbers or blocks of stone together, clamp, 2. something that confines ; shackle, the state of being confined, III. verb Date: 15th century transitive verb to affect with or as if with a ~ or ~s, 2. confine, restrain , to restrain from free expression, to fasten or hold with a ~, intransitive verb to be affected with ~s, IV. adjective Date: 1674 hard to understand or figure out , being ~ed ...Толковый словарь английского языка
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